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authorNick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de>2010-04-01 19:09:40 +1100
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>2010-04-05 19:50:02 -0700
commit5fbfb18d7a5b846946d52c4a10e3aaa213ec31b6 (patch)
treebcfa13dec8cb2527c3007b3e5f957cb50e571c64
parent7da23b86e14b77c094b11a9fa5ef5b3758fc9193 (diff)
Fix up possibly racy module refcounting
Module refcounting is implemented with a per-cpu counter for speed. However there is a race when tallying the counter where a reference may be taken by one CPU and released by another. Reference count summation may then see the decrement without having seen the previous increment, leading to lower than expected count. A module which never has its actual reference drop below 1 may return a reference count of 0 due to this race. Module removal generally runs under stop_machine, which prevents this race causing bugs due to removal of in-use modules. However there are other real bugs in module.c code and driver code (module_refcount is exported) where the callers do not run under stop_machine. Fix this by maintaining running per-cpu counters for the number of module refcount increments and the number of refcount decrements. The increments are tallied after the decrements, so any decrement seen will always have its corresponding increment counted. The final refcount is the difference of the total increments and decrements, preventing a low-refcount from being returned. Signed-off-by: Nick Piggin <npiggin@suse.de> Acked-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
-rw-r--r--include/linux/module.h14
-rw-r--r--kernel/module.c35
2 files changed, 34 insertions, 15 deletions
diff --git a/include/linux/module.h b/include/linux/module.h
index 8bd399a00343..515d53ae6a79 100644
--- a/include/linux/module.h
+++ b/include/linux/module.h
@@ -368,7 +368,8 @@ struct module
void (*exit)(void);
struct module_ref {
- int count;
+ unsigned int incs;
+ unsigned int decs;
} __percpu *refptr;
#endif
@@ -463,9 +464,9 @@ static inline void __module_get(struct module *module)
{
if (module) {
preempt_disable();
- __this_cpu_inc(module->refptr->count);
+ __this_cpu_inc(module->refptr->incs);
trace_module_get(module, _THIS_IP_,
- __this_cpu_read(module->refptr->count));
+ __this_cpu_read(module->refptr->incs));
preempt_enable();
}
}
@@ -478,11 +479,10 @@ static inline int try_module_get(struct module *module)
preempt_disable();
if (likely(module_is_live(module))) {
- __this_cpu_inc(module->refptr->count);
+ __this_cpu_inc(module->refptr->incs);
trace_module_get(module, _THIS_IP_,
- __this_cpu_read(module->refptr->count));
- }
- else
+ __this_cpu_read(module->refptr->incs));
+ } else
ret = 0;
preempt_enable();
diff --git a/kernel/module.c b/kernel/module.c
index 9f8d23d8b3a8..1016b75b026a 100644
--- a/kernel/module.c
+++ b/kernel/module.c
@@ -521,11 +521,13 @@ static void module_unload_init(struct module *mod)
int cpu;
INIT_LIST_HEAD(&mod->modules_which_use_me);
- for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
- per_cpu_ptr(mod->refptr, cpu)->count = 0;
+ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
+ per_cpu_ptr(mod->refptr, cpu)->incs = 0;
+ per_cpu_ptr(mod->refptr, cpu)->decs = 0;
+ }
/* Hold reference count during initialization. */
- __this_cpu_write(mod->refptr->count, 1);
+ __this_cpu_write(mod->refptr->incs, 1);
/* Backwards compatibility macros put refcount during init. */
mod->waiter = current;
}
@@ -664,12 +666,28 @@ static int try_stop_module(struct module *mod, int flags, int *forced)
unsigned int module_refcount(struct module *mod)
{
- unsigned int total = 0;
+ unsigned int incs = 0, decs = 0;
int cpu;
for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
- total += per_cpu_ptr(mod->refptr, cpu)->count;
- return total;
+ decs += per_cpu_ptr(mod->refptr, cpu)->decs;
+ /*
+ * ensure the incs are added up after the decs.
+ * module_put ensures incs are visible before decs with smp_wmb.
+ *
+ * This 2-count scheme avoids the situation where the refcount
+ * for CPU0 is read, then CPU0 increments the module refcount,
+ * then CPU1 drops that refcount, then the refcount for CPU1 is
+ * read. We would record a decrement but not its corresponding
+ * increment so we would see a low count (disaster).
+ *
+ * Rare situation? But module_refcount can be preempted, and we
+ * might be tallying up 4096+ CPUs. So it is not impossible.
+ */
+ smp_rmb();
+ for_each_possible_cpu(cpu)
+ incs += per_cpu_ptr(mod->refptr, cpu)->incs;
+ return incs - decs;
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL(module_refcount);
@@ -846,10 +864,11 @@ void module_put(struct module *module)
{
if (module) {
preempt_disable();
- __this_cpu_dec(module->refptr->count);
+ smp_wmb(); /* see comment in module_refcount */
+ __this_cpu_inc(module->refptr->decs);
trace_module_put(module, _RET_IP_,
- __this_cpu_read(module->refptr->count));
+ __this_cpu_read(module->refptr->decs));
/* Maybe they're waiting for us to drop reference? */
if (unlikely(!module_is_live(module)))
wake_up_process(module->waiter);