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authorRusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au>2007-07-19 01:49:29 -0700
committerLinus Torvalds <torvalds@woody.linux-foundation.org>2007-07-19 10:04:53 -0700
commit8ca47e00690914a9e5e6c734baa37c829a2f2fa1 (patch)
tree928350cf70a685428cc5a9779044aa88c5771af9 /Documentation/lguest/lguest.txt
parentb754416bfe9adac6468e45fba244d77f52048aeb (diff)
lguest: the documentation, example launcher
A brief document describing how to use lguest. Because lguest doesn't have an ABI we also include an example launcher in the Documentation directory. [jmorris@namei.org: Fix up nat example in documentation] Signed-off-by: Rusty Russell <rusty@rustcorp.com.au> Cc: Andi Kleen <ak@suse.de> Signed-off-by: James Morris <jmorris@namei.org> Cc: Matias Zabaljauregui <matias.zabaljauregui@cern.ch> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
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+Rusty's Remarkably Unreliable Guide to Lguest
+ - or, A Young Coder's Illustrated Hypervisor
+http://lguest.ozlabs.org
+
+Lguest is designed to be a minimal hypervisor for the Linux kernel, for
+Linux developers and users to experiment with virtualization with the
+minimum of complexity. Nonetheless, it should have sufficient
+features to make it useful for specific tasks, and, of course, you are
+encouraged to fork and enhance it.
+
+Features:
+
+- Kernel module which runs in a normal kernel.
+- Simple I/O model for communication.
+- Simple program to create new guests.
+- Logo contains cute puppies: http://lguest.ozlabs.org
+
+Developer features:
+
+- Fun to hack on.
+- No ABI: being tied to a specific kernel anyway, you can change anything.
+- Many opportunities for improvement or feature implementation.
+
+Running Lguest:
+
+- Lguest runs the same kernel as guest and host. You can configure
+ them differently, but usually it's easiest not to.
+
+ You will need to configure your kernel with the following options:
+
+ CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G=n ("High Memory Support" "64GB")[1]
+ CONFIG_TUN=y/m ("Universal TUN/TAP device driver support")
+ CONFIG_EXPERIMENTAL=y ("Prompt for development and/or incomplete code/drivers")
+ CONFIG_PARAVIRT=y ("Paravirtualization support (EXPERIMENTAL)")
+ CONFIG_LGUEST=y/m ("Linux hypervisor example code")
+
+ and I recommend:
+ CONFIG_HZ=100 ("Timer frequency")[2]
+
+- A tool called "lguest" is available in this directory: type "make"
+ to build it. If you didn't build your kernel in-tree, use "make
+ O=<builddir>".
+
+- Create or find a root disk image. There are several useful ones
+ around, such as the xm-test tiny root image at
+ http://xm-test.xensource.com/ramdisks/initrd-1.1-i386.img
+
+ For more serious work, I usually use a distribution ISO image and
+ install it under qemu, then make multiple copies:
+
+ dd if=/dev/zero of=rootfile bs=1M count=2048
+ qemu -cdrom image.iso -hda rootfile -net user -net nic -boot d
+
+- "modprobe lg" if you built it as a module.
+
+- Run an lguest as root:
+
+ Documentation/lguest/lguest 64m vmlinux --tunnet=192.168.19.1 --block=rootfile root=/dev/lgba
+
+ Explanation:
+ 64m: the amount of memory to use.
+
+ vmlinux: the kernel image found in the top of your build directory. You
+ can also use a standard bzImage.
+
+ --tunnet=192.168.19.1: configures a "tap" device for networking with this
+ IP address.
+
+ --block=rootfile: a file or block device which becomes /dev/lgba
+ inside the guest.
+
+ root=/dev/lgba: this (and anything else on the command line) are
+ kernel boot parameters.
+
+- Configuring networking. I usually have the host masquerade, using
+ "iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE" and "echo 1 >
+ /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward". In this example, I would configure
+ eth0 inside the guest at 192.168.19.2.
+
+ Another method is to bridge the tap device to an external interface
+ using --tunnet=bridge:<bridgename>, and perhaps run dhcp on the guest
+ to obtain an IP address. The bridge needs to be configured first:
+ this option simply adds the tap interface to it.
+
+ A simple example on my system:
+
+ ifconfig eth0 0.0.0.0
+ brctl addbr lg0
+ ifconfig lg0 up
+ brctl addif lg0 eth0
+ dhclient lg0
+
+ Then use --tunnet=bridge:lg0 when launching the guest.
+
+ See http://linux-net.osdl.org/index.php/Bridge for general information
+ on how to get bridging working.
+
+- You can also create an inter-guest network using
+ "--sharenet=<filename>": any two guests using the same file are on
+ the same network. This file is created if it does not exist.
+
+Lguest I/O model:
+
+Lguest uses a simplified DMA model plus shared memory for I/O. Guests
+can communicate with each other if they share underlying memory
+(usually by the lguest program mmaping the same file), but they can
+use any non-shared memory to communicate with the lguest process.
+
+Guests can register DMA buffers at any key (must be a valid physical
+address) using the LHCALL_BIND_DMA(key, dmabufs, num<<8|irq)
+hypercall. "dmabufs" is the physical address of an array of "num"
+"struct lguest_dma": each contains a used_len, and an array of
+physical addresses and lengths. When a transfer occurs, the
+"used_len" field of one of the buffers which has used_len 0 will be
+set to the length transferred and the irq will fire.
+
+Using an irq value of 0 unbinds the dma buffers.
+
+To send DMA, the LHCALL_SEND_DMA(key, dma_physaddr) hypercall is used,
+and the bytes used is written to the used_len field. This can be 0 if
+noone else has bound a DMA buffer to that key or some other error.
+DMA buffers bound by the same guest are ignored.
+
+Cheers!
+Rusty Russell rusty@rustcorp.com.au.
+
+[1] These are on various places on the TODO list, waiting for you to
+ get annoyed enough at the limitation to fix it.
+[2] Lguest is not yet tickless when idle. See [1].