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authorThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>2010-09-14 22:10:21 +0200
committerThomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>2010-09-15 00:55:13 +0200
commit54ff7e595d763d894104d421b103a89f7becf47c (patch)
treeb3625429a798712573358aea936ce7c223406ea1 /arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c
parent08c2b394b98786ebb067e2a54d08f1f6f0d247da (diff)
x86: hpet: Work around hardware stupidity
This more or less reverts commits 08be979 (x86: Force HPET readback_cmp for all ATI chipsets) and 30a564be (x86, hpet: Restrict read back to affected ATI chipsets) to the status of commit 8da854c (x86, hpet: Erratum workaround for read after write of HPET comparator). The delta to commit 8da854c is mostly comments and the change from WARN_ONCE to printk_once as we know the call path of this function already. This needs really in depth explanation: First of all the HPET design is a complete failure. Having a counter compare register which generates an interrupt on matching values forces the software to do at least one superfluous readback of the counter register. While it is nice in theory to program "absolute" time events it is practically useless because the timer runs at some absurd frequency which can never be matched to real world units. So we are forced to calculate a relative delta and this forces a readout of the actual counter value, adding the delta and programming the compare register. When the delta is small enough we run into the danger that we program a compare value which is already in the past. Due to the compare for equal nature of HPET we need to read back the counter value after writing the compare rehgister (btw. this is necessary for absolute timeouts as well) to make sure that we did not miss the timer event. We try to work around that by setting the minimum delta to a value which is larger than the theoretical time which elapses between the counter readout and the compare register write, but that's only true in theory. A NMI or SMI which hits between the readout and the write can easily push us beyond that limit. This would result in waiting for the next HPET timer interrupt until the 32bit wraparound of the counter happens which takes about 306 seconds. So we designed the next event function to look like: match = read_cnt() + delta; write_compare_ref(match); return read_cnt() < match ? 0 : -ETIME; At some point we got into trouble with certain ATI chipsets. Even the above "safe" procedure failed. The reason was that the write to the compare register was delayed probably for performance reasons. The theory was that they wanted to avoid the synchronization of the write with the HPET clock, which is understandable. So the write does not hit the compare register directly instead it goes to some intermediate register which is copied to the real compare register in sync with the HPET clock. That opens another window for hitting the dreaded "wait for a wraparound" problem. To work around that "optimization" we added a read back of the compare register which either enforced the update of the just written value or just delayed the readout of the counter enough to avoid the issue. We unfortunately never got any affirmative info from ATI/AMD about this. One thing is sure, that we nuked the performance "optimization" that way completely and I'm pretty sure that the result is worse than before some HW folks came up with those. Just for paranoia reasons I added a check whether the read back compare register value was the same as the value we wrote right before. That paranoia check triggered a couple of years after it was added on an Intel ICH9 chipset. Venki added a workaround (commit 8da854c) which was reading the compare register twice when the first check failed. We considered this to be a penalty in general and restricted the readback (thus the wasted CPU cycles) to the known to be affected ATI chipsets. This turned out to be a utterly wrong decision. 2.6.35 testers experienced massive problems and finally one of them bisected it down to commit 30a564be which spured some further investigation. Finally we got confirmation that the write to the compare register can be delayed by up to two HPET clock cycles which explains the problems nicely. All we can do about this is to go back to Venki's initial workaround in a slightly modified version. Just for the record I need to say, that all of this could have been avoided if hardware designers and of course the HPET committee would have thought about the consequences for a split second. It's out of my comprehension why designing a working timer is so hard. There are two ways to achieve it: 1) Use a counter wrap around aware compare_reg <= counter_reg implementation instead of the easy compare_reg == counter_reg Downsides: - It needs more silicon. - It needs a readout of the counter to apply a relative timeout. This is necessary as the counter does not run in any useful (and adjustable) frequency and there is no guarantee that the counter which is used for timer events is the same which is used for reading the actual time (and therefor for calculating the delta) Upsides: - None 2) Use a simple down counter for relative timer events Downsides: - Absolute timeouts are not possible, which is not a problem at all in the context of an OS and the expected max. latencies/jitter (also see Downsides of #1) Upsides: - It needs less or equal silicon. - It works ALWAYS - It is way faster than a compare register based solution (One write versus one write plus at least one and up to four reads) I would not be so grumpy about all of this, if I would not have been ignored for many years when pointing out these flaws to various hardware folks. I really hate timers (at least those which seem to be designed by janitors). Though finally we got a reasonable explanation plus a solution and I want to thank all the folks involved in chasing it down and providing valuable input to this. Bisected-by: Nix <nix@esperi.org.uk> Reported-by: Artur Skawina <art.08.09@gmail.com> Reported-by: Damien Wyart <damien.wyart@free.fr> Reported-by: John Drescher <drescherjm@gmail.com> Cc: Venkatesh Pallipadi <venki@google.com> Cc: Ingo Molnar <mingo@elte.hu> Cc: H. Peter Anvin <hpa@zytor.com> Cc: Arjan van de Ven <arjan@linux.intel.com> Cc: Andreas Herrmann <andreas.herrmann3@amd.com> Cc: Borislav Petkov <borislav.petkov@amd.com> Cc: stable@kernel.org Acked-by: Suresh Siddha <suresh.b.siddha@intel.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
Diffstat (limited to 'arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c')
-rw-r--r--arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c31
1 files changed, 17 insertions, 14 deletions
diff --git a/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c b/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c
index 351f9c0fea1f..410fdb3f1939 100644
--- a/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c
+++ b/arch/x86/kernel/hpet.c
@@ -35,7 +35,6 @@
unsigned long hpet_address;
u8 hpet_blockid; /* OS timer block num */
u8 hpet_msi_disable;
-u8 hpet_readback_cmp;
#ifdef CONFIG_PCI_MSI
static unsigned long hpet_num_timers;
@@ -395,23 +394,27 @@ static int hpet_next_event(unsigned long delta,
* at that point and we would wait for the next hpet interrupt
* forever. We found out that reading the CMP register back
* forces the transfer so we can rely on the comparison with
- * the counter register below.
+ * the counter register below. If the read back from the
+ * compare register does not match the value we programmed
+ * then we might have a real hardware problem. We can not do
+ * much about it here, but at least alert the user/admin with
+ * a prominent warning.
*
- * That works fine on those ATI chipsets, but on newer Intel
- * chipsets (ICH9...) this triggers due to an erratum: Reading
- * the comparator immediately following a write is returning
- * the old value.
+ * An erratum on some chipsets (ICH9,..), results in
+ * comparator read immediately following a write returning old
+ * value. Workaround for this is to read this value second
+ * time, when first read returns old value.
*
- * We restrict the read back to the affected ATI chipsets (set
- * by quirks) and also run it with hpet=verbose for debugging
- * purposes.
+ * In fact the write to the comparator register is delayed up
+ * to two HPET cycles so the workaround we tried to restrict
+ * the readback to those known to be borked ATI chipsets
+ * failed miserably. So we give up on optimizations forever
+ * and penalize all HPET incarnations unconditionally.
*/
- if (hpet_readback_cmp || hpet_verbose) {
- u32 cmp = hpet_readl(HPET_Tn_CMP(timer));
-
- if (cmp != cnt)
+ if (unlikely((u32)hpet_readl(HPET_Tn_CMP(timer)) != cnt)) {
+ if (hpet_readl(HPET_Tn_CMP(timer)) != cnt)
printk_once(KERN_WARNING
- "hpet: compare register read back failed.\n");
+ "hpet: compare register read back failed.\n");
}
return (s32)(hpet_readl(HPET_COUNTER) - cnt) >= 0 ? -ETIME : 0;