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2015-02-12lib/list_sort.c: rearrange includesRasmus Villemoes
Memory allocation only happens in the self test, just as random numbers are only used there. So move the inclusion of slab.h inside the CONFIG_TEST_LIST_SORT. We don't need module.h and all of the stuff it carries with it, so replace with export.h and compiler.h. Unfortunately, the ARRAY_SIZE macro from kernel.h requires the user to ensure bug.h is also included (for BUILD_BUG_ON_ZERO, used by __must_be_array). We used to get that through some maze of nested includes, but just include it explicitly. linux/string.h is then only included implicitly through kernel.h->printk.h->dynamic_debug.h, but only if !CONFIG_DYNAMIC_DEBUG, so just include it explicitly (for memset). objdump -d says the generated code is the same, and wc -l says that lib/.list_sort.o.cmd went from 579 to 165 lines. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06lib/list_sort.c: convert to pr_fooAndrew Morton
Cc: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06lib: list_sort.c: Limit number of unused cmp callbacksRasmus Villemoes
The helper merge_and_restore_back_links() makes sure to call the caller's cmp function during the final ->prev pointer fixup, so that the cmp function may call cond_resched(). However, if the cmp function does not call cond_resched() at all, this is entirely redundant. If it does, doing at least two function calls for every two pointer assignments is a bit excessive. This patch limits the calls to once for every 256 iterations. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06lib: list_sort_test(): simplify and harden cleanupRasmus Villemoes
There is no reason to maintain the list structure while freeing the debug elements. Aside from the redundant pointer manipulations, it is also inefficient from a locality-of-reference viewpoint, since they are visited in a random order (wrt. the order they were allocated). Furthermore, if we jumped to exit: after detecting list corruption, it is actually dangerous. So just free the elements in the order they were allocated, using the backing array elts. Allocate that using kcalloc(), so that if allocation of one of the debug element fails, we just end up calling kfree(NULL) for the trailing elements. Minor details: Use sizeof(*elts) instead of sizeof(void *), and return err immediately when allocation of elts fails, to avoid introducing another label just before the final return statement. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06lib: list_sort_test(): add extra corruption checkRasmus Villemoes
Add a check to make sure that the prev pointer of the list head points to the last element on the list. Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2014-08-06lib: list_sort_test(): return -ENOMEM when allocation failsRasmus Villemoes
Signed-off-by: Rasmus Villemoes <linux@rasmusvillemoes.dk> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <artem.bityutskiy@linux.intel.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2013-04-29lib/: rename random32() to prandom_u32()Akinobu Mita
Use preferable function name which implies using a pseudo-random number generator. Signed-off-by: Akinobu Mita <akinobu.mita@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-26lib/list_sort: test: check element addressesArtem Bityutskiy
Improve 'lib_sort()' test and check that: o 'cmp()' is called only for elements which were present in the original list, i.e., the 'a' and 'b' parameters are valid o the resulted (sorted) list consists onlly of the original elements o intdoruce "poison" fields to make sure data around 'struc list_head' field are not corrupted. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-26lib/list_sort: test: unify test messagesArtem Bityutskiy
This patch unifies 'list_sort_test()' messages a bit and makes sure all of them start with the "list_sort_test:" prefix to make it obvious for users where the messages come from. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-26lib/list_sort: test: improve errors handlingArtem Bityutskiy
The 'lib_sort()' test does not free memory if it fails, and it makes the kernel panic if it cannot allocate memory. This patch fixes the problem. This patch also changes several small things: o use 'list_add()' helper instead of adding manually o introduce temporary 'el1' variable to avoid ugly and unreadalbe "if" statement o make 'head' to be stack variable instead of 'kmalloc()'ed, which simplifies code a bit Overall, this patch is of clean-up type. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-26lib/list_sort: test: use generic random32Artem Bityutskiy
Instead of using own pseudo-random generator, use generic linux 'random32()' function. Presumably, this should improve test coverage. At the same time, do the following changes: o Use shorter macro name for test list length o Do not use strange 'l_h' name for 'struct list_head' element, use 'list', because it is traditional name and thus, makes the code more obvious and readable. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-26lib/list_sort: test: use more reasonable printk levelsArtem Bityutskiy
I do not see any reason to use KERN_WARN for normal messages and KERN_EMERG for error messages in the lib_sort testing routine. Let's use more reasonable KERN_NORM and KERN_ERR levels. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-26lib/Kconfig.debug: add list_sort debugging switchArtem Bityutskiy
While hunting a non-existing bug in 'list_sort()', I've improved the 'list_sort_test()' function which tests the 'list_sort()' library call. Although at the end I found a bug in my code, but not in 'list_sort()', I think my clean-ups and improvements are worth merging because they make the test function better. This patch: Make the self-tests selectable via Kconfig rather than by manual enabling of DEBUG_LIST_SORT. Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-10-01lib/list_sort: do not pass bad pointers to cmp callbackDon Mullis
If the original list is a POT in length, the first callback from line 73 will pass a==b both pointing to the original list_head. This is dangerous because the 'list_sort()' user can use 'container_of()' and accesses the "containing" object, which does not necessary exist for the list head. So the user can access RAM which does not belong to him. If this is a write access, we can end up with memory corruption. Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Tested-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Signed-off-by: Artem Bityutskiy <Artem.Bityutskiy@nokia.com> Cc: <stable@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-03-06lib: revise list_sort() header commentDon Mullis
Clarify and correct header comment of list_sort(). Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-03-06lib: more scalable list_sort()Don Mullis
XFS and UBIFS can pass long lists to list_sort(); this alternative implementation scales better, reaching ~3x performance gain when list length exceeds the L2 cache size. Stand-alone program timings were run on a Core 2 duo L1=32KB L2=4MB, gcc-4.4, with flags extracted from an Ubuntu kernel build. Object size is 581 bytes compared to 455 for Mark J. Roberts' code. Worst case for either implementation is a list length just over a power of two, and to roughly the same degree, so here are timing results for a range of 2^N+1 lengths. List elements were 16 bytes each including malloc overhead; initial order was random. time (msec) Tatham-Roberts | generic-Mullis-v2 loop_count length | | ratio 4000000 2 206 294 1.427 2000000 3 176 227 1.289 1000000 5 199 172 0.864 500000 9 235 178 0.757 250000 17 243 182 0.748 125000 33 261 196 0.750 62500 65 277 209 0.754 31250 129 292 219 0.75 15625 257 317 235 0.741 7812 513 340 252 0.741 3906 1025 362 267 0.737 1953 2049 388 283 0.729 ~ L1 size 976 4097 556 323 0.580 488 8193 678 361 0.532 244 16385 773 395 0.510 122 32769 844 418 0.495 61 65537 917 454 0.495 30 131073 1128 543 0.481 15 262145 2355 869 0.369 ~ L2 size 7 524289 5597 1714 0.306 3 1048577 6218 2022 0.325 Mark's code does not actually implement the usual or generic mergesort, but rather a variant from Simon Tatham described here: http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/algorithms/listsort.html Simon's algorithm performs O(log N) passes over the entire input list, doing merges of sublists that double in size on each pass. The generic algorithm instead merges pairs of equal length lists as early as possible, in recursive order. For either algorithm, the elements that extend the list beyond power-of-two length are a special case, handled as nearly as possible as a "rounding-up" to a full POT. Some intuition for the locality of reference implications of merge order may be gotten by watching this animation: http://www.sorting-algorithms.com/merge-sort Simon's algorithm requires only O(1) extra space rather than the generic algorithm's O(log N), but in my non-recursive implementation the actual O(log N) data is merely a vector of ~20 pointers, which I've put on the stack. Long-running list_sort() calls: If the list passed in may be long, or the client's cmp() callback function is slow, the client's cmp() may periodically invoke cond_resched() to voluntarily yield the CPU. All inner loops of list_sort() call back to cmp(). Stability of the sort: distinct elements that compare equal emerge from the sort in the same order as with Mark's code, for simple test cases. A boot-time test is provided to verify this and other correctness requirements. A kernel that uses drm.ko appears to run normally with this change; I have no suitable hardware to similarly test the use by UBIFS. [akpm@linux-foundation.org: style tweaks, fix comment, make list_sort_test __init] Signed-off-by: Don Mullis <don.mullis@gmail.com> Cc: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> Cc: Andi Kleen <andi@firstfloor.org> Cc: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Cc: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Andrew Morton <akpm@linux-foundation.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>
2010-01-12lib: Introduce generic list_sort functionDave Chinner
There are two copies of list_sort() in the tree already, one in the DRM code, another in ubifs. Now XFS needs this as well. Create a generic list_sort() function from the ubifs version and convert existing users to it so we don't end up with yet another copy in the tree. Signed-off-by: Dave Chinner <david@fromorbit.com> Acked-by: Dave Airlie <airlied@redhat.com> Acked-by: Artem Bityutskiy <dedekind@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Linus Torvalds <torvalds@linux-foundation.org>