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authorPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>2014-02-12 20:19:47 -0800
committerPaul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>2014-02-17 14:56:09 -0800
commit9b2b3bf53124dca4ac815bd2fca53a31e5e262bd (patch)
tree7984451c41db3ca509fc860a00e2e81d727a2dcc /Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
parentbbf393b0d5350d68dbcf1f231b8af07b1b31121d (diff)
Documentation/memory-barriers.txt: Need barriers() for some control dependencies
Current compilers can "speculate" stores in the case where both legs of the "if" statement start with identical stores. Because the stores are identical, the compiler knows that the store will unconditionally execute regardless of the "if" condition, and so the compiler is within its rights to hoist the store to precede the condition. Such hoisting destroys the control-dependency ordering. This ordering can be restored by placing a barrier() at the beginning of each leg of the "if" statement. This commit adds this requirement to the control-dependencies section. Signed-off-by: Paul E. McKenney <paulmck@linux.vnet.ibm.com>
Diffstat (limited to 'Documentation/memory-barriers.txt')
-rw-r--r--Documentation/memory-barriers.txt26
1 files changed, 19 insertions, 7 deletions
diff --git a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
index 6b25efd45583..9dde54c55b24 100644
--- a/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
+++ b/Documentation/memory-barriers.txt
@@ -608,26 +608,30 @@ as follows:
b = p; /* BUG: Compiler can reorder!!! */
do_something();
-The solution is again ACCESS_ONCE(), which preserves the ordering between
-the load from variable 'a' and the store to variable 'b':
+The solution is again ACCESS_ONCE() and barrier(), which preserves the
+ordering between the load from variable 'a' and the store to variable 'b':
q = ACCESS_ONCE(a);
if (q) {
+ barrier();
ACCESS_ONCE(b) = p;
do_something();
} else {
+ barrier();
ACCESS_ONCE(b) = p;
do_something_else();
}
-You could also use barrier() to prevent the compiler from moving
-the stores to variable 'b', but barrier() would not prevent the
-compiler from proving to itself that a==1 always, so ACCESS_ONCE()
-is also needed.
+The initial ACCESS_ONCE() is required to prevent the compiler from
+proving the value of 'a', and the pair of barrier() invocations are
+required to prevent the compiler from pulling the two identical stores
+to 'b' out from the legs of the "if" statement.
It is important to note that control dependencies absolutely require a
a conditional. For example, the following "optimized" version of
-the above example breaks ordering:
+the above example breaks ordering, which is why the barrier() invocations
+are absolutely required if you have identical stores in both legs of
+the "if" statement:
q = ACCESS_ONCE(a);
ACCESS_ONCE(b) = p; /* BUG: No ordering vs. load from a!!! */
@@ -643,9 +647,11 @@ It is of course legal for the prior load to be part of the conditional,
for example, as follows:
if (ACCESS_ONCE(a) > 0) {
+ barrier();
ACCESS_ONCE(b) = q / 2;
do_something();
} else {
+ barrier();
ACCESS_ONCE(b) = q / 3;
do_something_else();
}
@@ -659,9 +665,11 @@ the needed conditional. For example:
q = ACCESS_ONCE(a);
if (q % MAX) {
+ barrier();
ACCESS_ONCE(b) = p;
do_something();
} else {
+ barrier();
ACCESS_ONCE(b) = p;
do_something_else();
}
@@ -723,6 +731,10 @@ In summary:
use smb_rmb(), smp_wmb(), or, in the case of prior stores and
later loads, smp_mb().
+ (*) If both legs of the "if" statement begin with identical stores
+ to the same variable, a barrier() statement is required at the
+ beginning of each leg of the "if" statement.
+
(*) Control dependencies require at least one run-time conditional
between the prior load and the subsequent store, and this
conditional must involve the prior load. If the compiler