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+.. -*- coding: utf-8; mode: rst -*-
+
+********************************
+Detailed Colorspace Descriptions
+********************************
+
+
+.. _col-smpte-170m:
+
+Colorspace SMPTE 170M (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE170M)
+=================================================
+
+The :ref:`smpte170m` standard defines the colorspace used by NTSC and
+PAL and by SDTV in general. The default transfer function is
+``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited
+range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference
+are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: SMPTE 170M Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.630
+
+ - 0.340
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.310
+
+ - 0.595
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.155
+
+ - 0.070
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (D65)
+
+ - 0.3127
+
+ - 0.3290
+
+
+The red, green and blue chromaticities are also often referred to as the
+SMPTE C set, so this colorspace is sometimes called SMPTE C as well.
+
+The transfer function defined for SMPTE 170M is the same as the one
+defined in Rec. 709.
+
+ L' = -1.099(-L) :sup:`0.45` + 0.099 for L ≤ -0.018
+
+ L' = 4.5L for -0.018 < L < 0.018
+
+ L' = 1.099L :sup:`0.45` - 0.099 for L ≥ 0.018
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = -((L' - 0.099) / -1.099) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≤ -0.081
+
+ L = L' / 4.5 for -0.081 < L' < 0.081
+
+ L = ((L' + 0.099) / 1.099) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≥ 0.081
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
+
+ Y' = 0.299R' + 0.587G' + 0.114B'
+
+ Cb = -0.169R' - 0.331G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.419G' - 0.081B'
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5]. This conversion to Y'CbCr is identical to the one defined in
+the :ref:`itu601` standard and this colorspace is sometimes called
+BT.601 as well, even though BT.601 does not mention any color primaries.
+
+The default quantization is limited range, but full range is possible
+although rarely seen.
+
+
+.. _col-rec709:
+
+Colorspace Rec. 709 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_REC709)
+============================================
+
+The :ref:`itu709` standard defines the colorspace used by HDTV in
+general. The default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The
+default Y'CbCr encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709``. The default Y'CbCr
+quantization is limited range. The chromaticities of the primary colors
+and the white reference are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: Rec. 709 Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.640
+
+ - 0.330
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.300
+
+ - 0.600
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.150
+
+ - 0.060
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (D65)
+
+ - 0.3127
+
+ - 0.3290
+
+
+The full name of this standard is Rec. ITU-R BT.709-5.
+
+Transfer function. Normally L is in the range [0…1], but for the
+extended gamut xvYCC encoding values outside that range are allowed.
+
+ L' = -1.099(-L) :sup:`0.45` + 0.099 for L ≤ -0.018
+
+ L' = 4.5L for -0.018 < L < 0.018
+
+ L' = 1.099L :sup:`0.45` - 0.099 for L ≥ 0.018
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = -((L' - 0.099) / -1.099) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≤ -0.081
+
+ L = L' / 4.5 for -0.081 < L' < 0.081
+
+ L = ((L' + 0.099) / 1.099) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≥ 0.081
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709`` encoding:
+
+ Y' = 0.2126R' + 0.7152G' + 0.0722B'
+
+ Cb = -0.1146R' - 0.3854G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4542G' - 0.0458B'
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5].
+
+The default quantization is limited range, but full range is possible
+although rarely seen.
+
+The ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709`` encoding described above is the default for
+this colorspace, but it can be overridden with ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``,
+in which case the BT.601 Y'CbCr encoding is used.
+
+Two additional extended gamut Y'CbCr encodings are also possible with
+this colorspace:
+
+The xvYCC 709 encoding (``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV709``, :ref:`xvycc`) is
+similar to the Rec. 709 encoding, but it allows for R', G' and B' values
+that are outside the range [0…1]. The resulting Y', Cb and Cr values are
+scaled and offset:
+
+ Y' = (219 / 256) * (0.2126R' + 0.7152G' + 0.0722B') + (16 / 256)
+
+ Cb = (224 / 256) * (-0.1146R' - 0.3854G' + 0.5B')
+
+ Cr = (224 / 256) * (0.5R' - 0.4542G' - 0.0458B')
+
+The xvYCC 601 encoding (``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601``, :ref:`xvycc`) is
+similar to the BT.601 encoding, but it allows for R', G' and B' values
+that are outside the range [0…1]. The resulting Y', Cb and Cr values are
+scaled and offset:
+
+ Y' = (219 / 256) * (0.299R' + 0.587G' + 0.114B') + (16 / 256)
+
+ Cb = (224 / 256) * (-0.169R' - 0.331G' + 0.5B')
+
+ Cr = (224 / 256) * (0.5R' - 0.419G' - 0.081B')
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5]. The non-standard xvYCC 709 or xvYCC 601 encodings can be
+used by selecting ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV709`` or ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601``.
+The xvYCC encodings always use full range quantization.
+
+
+.. _col-srgb:
+
+Colorspace sRGB (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB)
+======================================
+
+The :ref:`srgb` standard defines the colorspace used by most webcams
+and computer graphics. The default transfer function is
+``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SRGB``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SYCC``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is full range.
+The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: sRGB Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.640
+
+ - 0.330
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.300
+
+ - 0.600
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.150
+
+ - 0.060
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (D65)
+
+ - 0.3127
+
+ - 0.3290
+
+
+These chromaticities are identical to the Rec. 709 colorspace.
+
+Transfer function. Note that negative values for L are only used by the
+Y'CbCr conversion.
+
+ L' = -1.055(-L) :sup:`1/2.4` + 0.055 for L < -0.0031308
+
+ L' = 12.92L for -0.0031308 ≤ L ≤ 0.0031308
+
+ L' = 1.055L :sup:`1/2.4` - 0.055 for 0.0031308 < L ≤ 1
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = -((-L' + 0.055) / 1.055) :sup:`2.4` for L' < -0.04045
+
+ L = L' / 12.92 for -0.04045 ≤ L' ≤ 0.04045
+
+ L = ((L' + 0.055) / 1.055) :sup:`2.4` for L' > 0.04045
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SYCC`` encoding as defined by
+:ref:`sycc`:
+
+ Y' = 0.2990R' + 0.5870G' + 0.1140B'
+
+ Cb = -0.1687R' - 0.3313G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4187G' - 0.0813B'
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5]. The ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SYCC`` quantization is always full
+range. Although this Y'CbCr encoding looks very similar to the
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601`` encoding, it is not. The
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_XV601`` scales and offsets the Y'CbCr values before
+quantization, but this encoding does not do that.
+
+
+.. _col-adobergb:
+
+Colorspace Adobe RGB (V4L2_COLORSPACE_ADOBERGB)
+===============================================
+
+The :ref:`adobergb` standard defines the colorspace used by computer
+graphics that use the AdobeRGB colorspace. This is also known as the
+:ref:`oprgb` standard. The default transfer function is
+``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_ADOBERGB``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited
+range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference
+are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: Adobe RGB Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.6400
+
+ - 0.3300
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.2100
+
+ - 0.7100
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.1500
+
+ - 0.0600
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (D65)
+
+ - 0.3127
+
+ - 0.3290
+
+
+
+Transfer function:
+
+ L' = L :sup:`1/2.19921875`
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = L' :sup:`2.19921875`
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
+
+ Y' = 0.299R' + 0.587G' + 0.114B'
+
+ Cb = -0.169R' - 0.331G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.419G' - 0.081B'
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5]. This transform is identical to one defined in SMPTE
+170M/BT.601. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range.
+
+
+.. _col-bt2020:
+
+Colorspace BT.2020 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_BT2020)
+===========================================
+
+The :ref:`itu2020` standard defines the colorspace used by Ultra-high
+definition television (UHDTV). The default transfer function is
+``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020``. The default R'G'B' quantization is limited
+range (!), and so is the default Y'CbCr quantization. The chromaticities
+of the primary colors and the white reference are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: BT.2020 Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.708
+
+ - 0.292
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.170
+
+ - 0.797
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.131
+
+ - 0.046
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (D65)
+
+ - 0.3127
+
+ - 0.3290
+
+
+
+Transfer function (same as Rec. 709):
+
+ L' = 4.5L for 0 ≤ L < 0.018
+
+ L' = 1.099L :sup:`0.45` - 0.099 for 0.018 ≤ L ≤ 1
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = L' / 4.5 for L' < 0.081
+
+ L = ((L' + 0.099) / 1.099) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≥ 0.081
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020`` encoding:
+
+ Y' = 0.2627R' + 0.6780G' + 0.0593B'
+
+ Cb = -0.1396R' - 0.3604G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4598G' - 0.0402B'
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range.
+
+There is also an alternate constant luminance R'G'B' to Yc'CbcCrc
+(``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_BT2020_CONST_LUM``) encoding:
+
+Luma:
+
+ Yc' = (0.2627R + 0.6780G + 0.0593B)'
+
+B' - Yc' ≤ 0:
+
+ Cbc = (B' - Yc') / 1.9404
+
+B' - Yc' > 0:
+
+ Cbc = (B' - Yc') / 1.5816
+
+R' - Yc' ≤ 0:
+
+ Crc = (R' - Y') / 1.7184
+
+R' - Yc' > 0:
+
+ Crc = (R' - Y') / 0.9936
+
+Yc' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cbc and Crc are clamped to the
+range [-0.5…0.5]. The Yc'CbcCrc quantization is limited range.
+
+
+.. _col-dcip3:
+
+Colorspace DCI-P3 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_DCI_P3)
+==========================================
+
+The :ref:`smpte431` standard defines the colorspace used by cinema
+projectors that use the DCI-P3 colorspace. The default transfer function
+is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_DCI_P3``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_709``. Note that this colorspace does not specify a
+Y'CbCr encoding since it is not meant to be encoded to Y'CbCr. So this
+default Y'CbCr encoding was picked because it is the HDTV encoding. The
+default Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. The chromaticities of the
+primary colors and the white reference are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: DCI-P3 Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.6800
+
+ - 0.3200
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.2650
+
+ - 0.6900
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.1500
+
+ - 0.0600
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference
+
+ - 0.3140
+
+ - 0.3510
+
+
+
+Transfer function:
+
+ L' = L :sup:`1/2.6`
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = L' :sup:`2.6`
+
+Y'CbCr encoding is not specified. V4L2 defaults to Rec. 709.
+
+
+.. _col-smpte-240m:
+
+Colorspace SMPTE 240M (V4L2_COLORSPACE_SMPTE240M)
+=================================================
+
+The :ref:`smpte240m` standard was an interim standard used during the
+early days of HDTV (1988-1998). It has been superseded by Rec. 709. The
+default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SMPTE240M``. The default
+Y'CbCr encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SMPTE240M``. The default Y'CbCr
+quantization is limited range. The chromaticities of the primary colors
+and the white reference are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: SMPTE 240M Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.630
+
+ - 0.340
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.310
+
+ - 0.595
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.155
+
+ - 0.070
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (D65)
+
+ - 0.3127
+
+ - 0.3290
+
+
+These chromaticities are identical to the SMPTE 170M colorspace.
+
+Transfer function:
+
+ L' = 4L for 0 ≤ L < 0.0228
+
+ L' = 1.1115L :sup:`0.45` - 0.1115 for 0.0228 ≤ L ≤ 1
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = L' / 4 for 0 ≤ L' < 0.0913
+
+ L = ((L' + 0.1115) / 1.1115) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≥ 0.0913
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_SMPTE240M`` encoding:
+
+ Y' = 0.2122R' + 0.7013G' + 0.0865B'
+
+ Cb = -0.1161R' - 0.3839G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.4451G' - 0.0549B'
+
+Yc' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cbc and Crc are clamped to the
+range [-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range.
+
+
+.. _col-sysm:
+
+Colorspace NTSC 1953 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_M)
+===================================================
+
+This standard defines the colorspace used by NTSC in 1953. In practice
+this colorspace is obsolete and SMPTE 170M should be used instead. The
+default transfer function is ``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr
+encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is
+limited range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white
+reference are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: NTSC 1953 Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.67
+
+ - 0.33
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.21
+
+ - 0.71
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.14
+
+ - 0.08
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (C)
+
+ - 0.310
+
+ - 0.316
+
+
+Note that this colorspace uses Illuminant C instead of D65 as the white
+reference. To correctly convert an image in this colorspace to another
+that uses D65 you need to apply a chromatic adaptation algorithm such as
+the Bradford method.
+
+The transfer function was never properly defined for NTSC 1953. The Rec.
+709 transfer function is recommended in the literature:
+
+ L' = 4.5L for 0 ≤ L < 0.018
+
+ L' = 1.099L :sup:`0.45` - 0.099 for 0.018 ≤ L ≤ 1
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = L' / 4.5 for L' < 0.081
+
+ L = ((L' + 0.099) / 1.099) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≥ 0.081
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
+
+ Y' = 0.299R' + 0.587G' + 0.114B'
+
+ Cb = -0.169R' - 0.331G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.419G' - 0.081B'
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. This transform is
+identical to one defined in SMPTE 170M/BT.601.
+
+
+.. _col-sysbg:
+
+Colorspace EBU Tech. 3213 (V4L2_COLORSPACE_470_SYSTEM_BG)
+=========================================================
+
+The :ref:`tech3213` standard defines the colorspace used by PAL/SECAM
+in 1975. In practice this colorspace is obsolete and SMPTE 170M should
+be used instead. The default transfer function is
+``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_709``. The default Y'CbCr encoding is
+``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``. The default Y'CbCr quantization is limited
+range. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white reference
+are:
+
+
+
+.. flat-table:: EBU Tech. 3213 Chromaticities
+ :header-rows: 1
+ :stub-columns: 0
+ :widths: 1 1 2
+
+
+ - .. row 1
+
+ - Color
+
+ - x
+
+ - y
+
+ - .. row 2
+
+ - Red
+
+ - 0.64
+
+ - 0.33
+
+ - .. row 3
+
+ - Green
+
+ - 0.29
+
+ - 0.60
+
+ - .. row 4
+
+ - Blue
+
+ - 0.15
+
+ - 0.06
+
+ - .. row 5
+
+ - White Reference (D65)
+
+ - 0.3127
+
+ - 0.3290
+
+
+
+The transfer function was never properly defined for this colorspace.
+The Rec. 709 transfer function is recommended in the literature:
+
+ L' = 4.5L for 0 ≤ L < 0.018
+
+ L' = 1.099L :sup:`0.45` - 0.099 for 0.018 ≤ L ≤ 1
+
+Inverse Transfer function:
+
+ L = L' / 4.5 for L' < 0.081
+
+ L = ((L' + 0.099) / 1.099) :sup:`1/0.45` for L' ≥ 0.081
+
+The luminance (Y') and color difference (Cb and Cr) are obtained with
+the following ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` encoding:
+
+ Y' = 0.299R' + 0.587G' + 0.114B'
+
+ Cb = -0.169R' - 0.331G' + 0.5B'
+
+ Cr = 0.5R' - 0.419G' - 0.081B'
+
+Y' is clamped to the range [0…1] and Cb and Cr are clamped to the range
+[-0.5…0.5]. The Y'CbCr quantization is limited range. This transform is
+identical to one defined in SMPTE 170M/BT.601.
+
+
+.. _col-jpeg:
+
+Colorspace JPEG (V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG)
+======================================
+
+This colorspace defines the colorspace used by most (Motion-)JPEG
+formats. The chromaticities of the primary colors and the white
+reference are identical to sRGB. The transfer function use is
+``V4L2_XFER_FUNC_SRGB``. The Y'CbCr encoding is ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601``
+with full range quantization where Y' is scaled to [0…255] and Cb/Cr are
+scaled to [-128…128] and then clipped to [-128…127].
+
+Note that the JPEG standard does not actually store colorspace
+information. So if something other than sRGB is used, then the driver
+will have to set that information explicitly. Effectively
+``V4L2_COLORSPACE_JPEG`` can be considered to be an abbreviation for
+``V4L2_COLORSPACE_SRGB``, ``V4L2_YCBCR_ENC_601`` and
+``V4L2_QUANTIZATION_FULL_RANGE``.