From b6dff3ec5e116e3af6f537d4caedcad6b9e5082a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Howells Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 10:39:16 +1100 Subject: CRED: Separate task security context from task_struct Separate the task security context from task_struct. At this point, the security data is temporarily embedded in the task_struct with two pointers pointing to it. Note that the Alpha arch is altered as it refers to (E)UID and (E)GID in entry.S via asm-offsets. With comment fixes Signed-off-by: Marc Dionne Signed-off-by: David Howells Acked-by: James Morris Acked-by: Serge Hallyn Signed-off-by: James Morris --- include/linux/sched.h | 52 ++++----------------------------------------------- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 48 deletions(-) (limited to 'include/linux/sched.h') diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index b483f39a7112..c8b92502354d 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -660,6 +660,7 @@ extern struct user_struct *find_user(uid_t); extern struct user_struct root_user; #define INIT_USER (&root_user) + struct backing_dev_info; struct reclaim_state; @@ -883,38 +884,7 @@ partition_sched_domains(int ndoms_new, cpumask_t *doms_new, #endif /* !CONFIG_SMP */ struct io_context; /* See blkdev.h */ -#define NGROUPS_SMALL 32 -#define NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK ((unsigned int)(PAGE_SIZE / sizeof(gid_t))) -struct group_info { - int ngroups; - atomic_t usage; - gid_t small_block[NGROUPS_SMALL]; - int nblocks; - gid_t *blocks[0]; -}; - -/* - * get_group_info() must be called with the owning task locked (via task_lock()) - * when task != current. The reason being that the vast majority of callers are - * looking at current->group_info, which can not be changed except by the - * current task. Changing current->group_info requires the task lock, too. - */ -#define get_group_info(group_info) do { \ - atomic_inc(&(group_info)->usage); \ -} while (0) -#define put_group_info(group_info) do { \ - if (atomic_dec_and_test(&(group_info)->usage)) \ - groups_free(group_info); \ -} while (0) - -extern struct group_info *groups_alloc(int gidsetsize); -extern void groups_free(struct group_info *group_info); -extern int set_current_groups(struct group_info *group_info); -extern int groups_search(struct group_info *group_info, gid_t grp); -/* access the groups "array" with this macro */ -#define GROUP_AT(gi, i) \ - ((gi)->blocks[(i)/NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK][(i)%NGROUPS_PER_BLOCK]) #ifdef ARCH_HAS_PREFETCH_SWITCH_STACK extern void prefetch_stack(struct task_struct *t); @@ -1181,17 +1151,9 @@ struct task_struct { struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; /* process credentials */ - uid_t uid,euid,suid,fsuid; - gid_t gid,egid,sgid,fsgid; - struct group_info *group_info; - kernel_cap_t cap_effective, cap_inheritable, cap_permitted, cap_bset; - struct user_struct *user; - unsigned securebits; -#ifdef CONFIG_KEYS - unsigned char jit_keyring; /* default keyring to attach requested keys to */ - struct key *request_key_auth; /* assumed request_key authority */ - struct key *thread_keyring; /* keyring private to this thread */ -#endif + struct cred __temp_cred __deprecated; /* temporary credentials to be removed */ + struct cred *cred; /* actual/objective task credentials */ + char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; /* executable name excluding path - access with [gs]et_task_comm (which lock it with task_lock()) @@ -1228,9 +1190,6 @@ struct task_struct { int (*notifier)(void *priv); void *notifier_data; sigset_t *notifier_mask; -#ifdef CONFIG_SECURITY - void *security; -#endif struct audit_context *audit_context; #ifdef CONFIG_AUDITSYSCALL uid_t loginuid; @@ -1787,9 +1746,6 @@ extern void wake_up_new_task(struct task_struct *tsk, extern void sched_fork(struct task_struct *p, int clone_flags); extern void sched_dead(struct task_struct *p); -extern int in_group_p(gid_t); -extern int in_egroup_p(gid_t); - extern void proc_caches_init(void); extern void flush_signals(struct task_struct *); extern void ignore_signals(struct task_struct *); -- cgit v1.2.3 From f1752eec6145c97163dbce62d17cf5d928e28a27 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Howells Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 10:39:17 +1100 Subject: CRED: Detach the credentials from task_struct Detach the credentials from task_struct, duplicating them in copy_process() and releasing them in __put_task_struct(). Signed-off-by: David Howells Acked-by: James Morris Acked-by: Serge Hallyn Signed-off-by: James Morris --- include/linux/sched.h | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'include/linux/sched.h') diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index c8b92502354d..740cf946c8cc 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -1151,7 +1151,6 @@ struct task_struct { struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; /* process credentials */ - struct cred __temp_cred __deprecated; /* temporary credentials to be removed */ struct cred *cred; /* actual/objective task credentials */ char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; /* executable name excluding path -- cgit v1.2.3 From bb952bb98a7e479262c7eb25d5592545a3af147d Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Howells Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 10:39:20 +1100 Subject: CRED: Separate per-task-group keyrings from signal_struct Separate per-task-group keyrings from signal_struct and dangle their anchor from the cred struct rather than the signal_struct. Signed-off-by: David Howells Reviewed-by: James Morris Signed-off-by: James Morris --- include/linux/sched.h | 6 ------ 1 file changed, 6 deletions(-) (limited to 'include/linux/sched.h') diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index 740cf946c8cc..2913252989b3 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -571,12 +571,6 @@ struct signal_struct { */ struct rlimit rlim[RLIM_NLIMITS]; - /* keep the process-shared keyrings here so that they do the right - * thing in threads created with CLONE_THREAD */ -#ifdef CONFIG_KEYS - struct key *session_keyring; /* keyring inherited over fork */ - struct key *process_keyring; /* keyring private to this process */ -#endif #ifdef CONFIG_BSD_PROCESS_ACCT struct pacct_struct pacct; /* per-process accounting information */ #endif -- cgit v1.2.3 From d84f4f992cbd76e8f39c488cf0c5d123843923b1 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Howells Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 10:39:23 +1100 Subject: CRED: Inaugurate COW credentials Inaugurate copy-on-write credentials management. This uses RCU to manage the credentials pointer in the task_struct with respect to accesses by other tasks. A process may only modify its own credentials, and so does not need locking to access or modify its own credentials. A mutex (cred_replace_mutex) is added to the task_struct to control the effect of PTRACE_ATTACHED on credential calculations, particularly with respect to execve(). With this patch, the contents of an active credentials struct may not be changed directly; rather a new set of credentials must be prepared, modified and committed using something like the following sequence of events: struct cred *new = prepare_creds(); int ret = blah(new); if (ret < 0) { abort_creds(new); return ret; } return commit_creds(new); There are some exceptions to this rule: the keyrings pointed to by the active credentials may be instantiated - keyrings violate the COW rule as managing COW keyrings is tricky, given that it is possible for a task to directly alter the keys in a keyring in use by another task. To help enforce this, various pointers to sets of credentials, such as those in the task_struct, are declared const. The purpose of this is compile-time discouragement of altering credentials through those pointers. Once a set of credentials has been made public through one of these pointers, it may not be modified, except under special circumstances: (1) Its reference count may incremented and decremented. (2) The keyrings to which it points may be modified, but not replaced. The only safe way to modify anything else is to create a replacement and commit using the functions described in Documentation/credentials.txt (which will be added by a later patch). This patch and the preceding patches have been tested with the LTP SELinux testsuite. This patch makes several logical sets of alteration: (1) execve(). This now prepares and commits credentials in various places in the security code rather than altering the current creds directly. (2) Temporary credential overrides. do_coredump() and sys_faccessat() now prepare their own credentials and temporarily override the ones currently on the acting thread, whilst preventing interference from other threads by holding cred_replace_mutex on the thread being dumped. This will be replaced in a future patch by something that hands down the credentials directly to the functions being called, rather than altering the task's objective credentials. (3) LSM interface. A number of functions have been changed, added or removed: (*) security_capset_check(), ->capset_check() (*) security_capset_set(), ->capset_set() Removed in favour of security_capset(). (*) security_capset(), ->capset() New. This is passed a pointer to the new creds, a pointer to the old creds and the proposed capability sets. It should fill in the new creds or return an error. All pointers, barring the pointer to the new creds, are now const. (*) security_bprm_apply_creds(), ->bprm_apply_creds() Changed; now returns a value, which will cause the process to be killed if it's an error. (*) security_task_alloc(), ->task_alloc_security() Removed in favour of security_prepare_creds(). (*) security_cred_free(), ->cred_free() New. Free security data attached to cred->security. (*) security_prepare_creds(), ->cred_prepare() New. Duplicate any security data attached to cred->security. (*) security_commit_creds(), ->cred_commit() New. Apply any security effects for the upcoming installation of new security by commit_creds(). (*) security_task_post_setuid(), ->task_post_setuid() Removed in favour of security_task_fix_setuid(). (*) security_task_fix_setuid(), ->task_fix_setuid() Fix up the proposed new credentials for setuid(). This is used by cap_set_fix_setuid() to implicitly adjust capabilities in line with setuid() changes. Changes are made to the new credentials, rather than the task itself as in security_task_post_setuid(). (*) security_task_reparent_to_init(), ->task_reparent_to_init() Removed. Instead the task being reparented to init is referred directly to init's credentials. NOTE! This results in the loss of some state: SELinux's osid no longer records the sid of the thread that forked it. (*) security_key_alloc(), ->key_alloc() (*) security_key_permission(), ->key_permission() Changed. These now take cred pointers rather than task pointers to refer to the security context. (4) sys_capset(). This has been simplified and uses less locking. The LSM functions it calls have been merged. (5) reparent_to_kthreadd(). This gives the current thread the same credentials as init by simply using commit_thread() to point that way. (6) __sigqueue_alloc() and switch_uid() __sigqueue_alloc() can't stop the target task from changing its creds beneath it, so this function gets a reference to the currently applicable user_struct which it then passes into the sigqueue struct it returns if successful. switch_uid() is now called from commit_creds(), and possibly should be folded into that. commit_creds() should take care of protecting __sigqueue_alloc(). (7) [sg]et[ug]id() and co and [sg]et_current_groups. The set functions now all use prepare_creds(), commit_creds() and abort_creds() to build and check a new set of credentials before applying it. security_task_set[ug]id() is called inside the prepared section. This guarantees that nothing else will affect the creds until we've finished. The calling of set_dumpable() has been moved into commit_creds(). Much of the functionality of set_user() has been moved into commit_creds(). The get functions all simply access the data directly. (8) security_task_prctl() and cap_task_prctl(). security_task_prctl() has been modified to return -ENOSYS if it doesn't want to handle a function, or otherwise return the return value directly rather than through an argument. Additionally, cap_task_prctl() now prepares a new set of credentials, even if it doesn't end up using it. (9) Keyrings. A number of changes have been made to the keyrings code: (a) switch_uid_keyring(), copy_keys(), exit_keys() and suid_keys() have all been dropped and built in to the credentials functions directly. They may want separating out again later. (b) key_alloc() and search_process_keyrings() now take a cred pointer rather than a task pointer to specify the security context. (c) copy_creds() gives a new thread within the same thread group a new thread keyring if its parent had one, otherwise it discards the thread keyring. (d) The authorisation key now points directly to the credentials to extend the search into rather pointing to the task that carries them. (e) Installing thread, process or session keyrings causes a new set of credentials to be created, even though it's not strictly necessary for process or session keyrings (they're shared). (10) Usermode helper. The usermode helper code now carries a cred struct pointer in its subprocess_info struct instead of a new session keyring pointer. This set of credentials is derived from init_cred and installed on the new process after it has been cloned. call_usermodehelper_setup() allocates the new credentials and call_usermodehelper_freeinfo() discards them if they haven't been used. A special cred function (prepare_usermodeinfo_creds()) is provided specifically for call_usermodehelper_setup() to call. call_usermodehelper_setkeys() adjusts the credentials to sport the supplied keyring as the new session keyring. (11) SELinux. SELinux has a number of changes, in addition to those to support the LSM interface changes mentioned above: (a) selinux_setprocattr() no longer does its check for whether the current ptracer can access processes with the new SID inside the lock that covers getting the ptracer's SID. Whilst this lock ensures that the check is done with the ptracer pinned, the result is only valid until the lock is released, so there's no point doing it inside the lock. (12) is_single_threaded(). This function has been extracted from selinux_setprocattr() and put into a file of its own in the lib/ directory as join_session_keyring() now wants to use it too. The code in SELinux just checked to see whether a task shared mm_structs with other tasks (CLONE_VM), but that isn't good enough. We really want to know if they're part of the same thread group (CLONE_THREAD). (13) nfsd. The NFS server daemon now has to use the COW credentials to set the credentials it is going to use. It really needs to pass the credentials down to the functions it calls, but it can't do that until other patches in this series have been applied. Signed-off-by: David Howells Acked-by: James Morris Signed-off-by: James Morris --- include/linux/sched.h | 6 ++++-- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 2 deletions(-) (limited to 'include/linux/sched.h') diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index 2913252989b3..121d655e460d 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -1145,7 +1145,8 @@ struct task_struct { struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; /* process credentials */ - struct cred *cred; /* actual/objective task credentials */ + const struct cred *cred; /* actual/objective task credentials (COW) */ + struct mutex cred_exec_mutex; /* execve vs ptrace cred calculation mutex */ char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; /* executable name excluding path - access with [gs]et_task_comm (which lock @@ -1720,7 +1721,6 @@ static inline struct user_struct *get_uid(struct user_struct *u) return u; } extern void free_uid(struct user_struct *); -extern void switch_uid(struct user_struct *); extern void release_uids(struct user_namespace *ns); #include @@ -1870,6 +1870,8 @@ static inline unsigned long wait_task_inactive(struct task_struct *p, #define for_each_process(p) \ for (p = &init_task ; (p = next_task(p)) != &init_task ; ) +extern bool is_single_threaded(struct task_struct *); + /* * Careful: do_each_thread/while_each_thread is a double loop so * 'break' will not work as expected - use goto instead. -- cgit v1.2.3 From 3b11a1decef07c19443d24ae926982bc8ec9f4c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: David Howells Date: Fri, 14 Nov 2008 10:39:26 +1100 Subject: CRED: Differentiate objective and effective subjective credentials on a task Differentiate the objective and real subjective credentials from the effective subjective credentials on a task by introducing a second credentials pointer into the task_struct. task_struct::real_cred then refers to the objective and apparent real subjective credentials of a task, as perceived by the other tasks in the system. task_struct::cred then refers to the effective subjective credentials of a task, as used by that task when it's actually running. These are not visible to the other tasks in the system. __task_cred(task) then refers to the objective/real credentials of the task in question. current_cred() refers to the effective subjective credentials of the current task. prepare_creds() uses the objective creds as a base and commit_creds() changes both pointers in the task_struct (indeed commit_creds() requires them to be the same). override_creds() and revert_creds() change the subjective creds pointer only, and the former returns the old subjective creds. These are used by NFSD, faccessat() and do_coredump(), and will by used by CacheFiles. In SELinux, current_has_perm() is provided as an alternative to task_has_perm(). This uses the effective subjective context of current, whereas task_has_perm() uses the objective/real context of the subject. Signed-off-by: David Howells Signed-off-by: James Morris --- include/linux/sched.h | 5 ++++- 1 file changed, 4 insertions(+), 1 deletion(-) (limited to 'include/linux/sched.h') diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index 121d655e460d..3443123b0709 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -1145,7 +1145,10 @@ struct task_struct { struct list_head cpu_timers[3]; /* process credentials */ - const struct cred *cred; /* actual/objective task credentials (COW) */ + const struct cred *real_cred; /* objective and real subjective task + * credentials (COW) */ + const struct cred *cred; /* effective (overridable) subjective task + * credentials (COW) */ struct mutex cred_exec_mutex; /* execve vs ptrace cred calculation mutex */ char comm[TASK_COMM_LEN]; /* executable name excluding path -- cgit v1.2.3 From 18b6e0414e42d95183f07d8177e3ff0241abd825 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Serge Hallyn Date: Wed, 15 Oct 2008 16:38:45 -0500 Subject: User namespaces: set of cleanups (v2) The user_ns is moved from nsproxy to user_struct, so that a struct cred by itself is sufficient to determine access (which it otherwise would not be). Corresponding ecryptfs fixes (by David Howells) are here as well. Fix refcounting. The following rules now apply: 1. The task pins the user struct. 2. The user struct pins its user namespace. 3. The user namespace pins the struct user which created it. User namespaces are cloned during copy_creds(). Unsharing a new user_ns is no longer possible. (We could re-add that, but it'll cause code duplication and doesn't seem useful if PAM doesn't need to clone user namespaces). When a user namespace is created, its first user (uid 0) gets empty keyrings and a clean group_info. This incorporates a previous patch by David Howells. Here is his original patch description: >I suggest adding the attached incremental patch. It makes the following >changes: > > (1) Provides a current_user_ns() macro to wrap accesses to current's user > namespace. > > (2) Fixes eCryptFS. > > (3) Renames create_new_userns() to create_user_ns() to be more consistent > with the other associated functions and because the 'new' in the name is > superfluous. > > (4) Moves the argument and permission checks made for CLONE_NEWUSER to the > beginning of do_fork() so that they're done prior to making any attempts > at allocation. > > (5) Calls create_user_ns() after prepare_creds(), and gives it the new creds > to fill in rather than have it return the new root user. I don't imagine > the new root user being used for anything other than filling in a cred > struct. > > This also permits me to get rid of a get_uid() and a free_uid(), as the > reference the creds were holding on the old user_struct can just be > transferred to the new namespace's creator pointer. > > (6) Makes create_user_ns() reset the UIDs and GIDs of the creds under > preparation rather than doing it in copy_creds(). > >David >Signed-off-by: David Howells Changelog: Oct 20: integrate dhowells comments 1. leave thread_keyring alone 2. use current_user_ns() in set_user() Signed-off-by: Serge Hallyn --- include/linux/sched.h | 1 + 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+) (limited to 'include/linux/sched.h') diff --git a/include/linux/sched.h b/include/linux/sched.h index 2036e9f26020..7f8015a3082e 100644 --- a/include/linux/sched.h +++ b/include/linux/sched.h @@ -638,6 +638,7 @@ struct user_struct { /* Hash table maintenance information */ struct hlist_node uidhash_node; uid_t uid; + struct user_namespace *user_ns; #ifdef CONFIG_USER_SCHED struct task_group *tg; -- cgit v1.2.3